Chickenpox is a common illness in children, which raises many questions and causes terrible concern among parents. This is why we want to provide you with comprehensive information about chickenpox, from its identification to its management, including prevention.
I. What is chickenpox?
Chickenpox is a viral contamination caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It is pleasant and acknowledged for its awesome, itchy rash. It is maximum common in youngsters, but can affect people of every age.
II. Detailed Symptoms of Chickenpox:
1. Rash: Usually starts on the chest before spreading. Pimples progress from small red bumps to fluid-filled blisters and then to scabs.
2. Fever: often mild, but can be higher, especially in adults.
3. Fatigue and unhappiness: a general feeling of unhappiness and fatigue.
4. Loss of appetite: Common due to general discomfort.
III. Life cycle of lesions:
Chickenpox lesions go through several phases, from the appearance of pimples to the formation of crusts, this process generally takes one to two weeks.
– The life cycle of chickenpox lesions:
1. Appearance of spots (macules):
The first visible sign of chickenpox is the arrival of small red spots, known as macules, on the skin. These spots commonly appear first on the chest, returned, or face and might unfold at some stage in the body. They are frequently followed by way of itching.
2. Formation of papules:
Within a few hours, these macules turn into papules, which are firm, round bumps on the skin. At this point, the itching may intensify.
3. Evolution into vesicles:
The papules then evolve into vesicles within one day. These vesicles are blisters filled with clear fluid. They are usually surrounded by a reddish halo and are extremely itchy. It is essential to avoid scratching these blisters to prevent infection and scarring.
4. Crust:
After a few days, the vesicles begin to dry and form crusts. This phase marks the beginning of the healing process. The scabs fall off on their own within a week or two and usually leave no scars unless scraped off.
5. Complete healing:
Once all the scabs have fallen off, the healing process is considered complete. This marks the end of the infectious cycle and the person is no longer contagious.
This cycle, from the appearance of the first lesions until complete healing, generally lasts one to two weeks. However, new blisters may continue to appear for several days.
IV. Transmission and prevention:
Chickenpox is very contagious and spreads by direct contact or respiratory droplets. Vaccination is the best prevention. It is usually given during childhood and is very effective in preventing the disease or reducing its severity.
V. Treatment and symptom management:
1. Antihistamines against itching:
– Role: Antihistamines are used to reduce the itching associated with chickenpox lesions.
– Types: They can be administered as tablets or syrups, and some types can be applied directly to the skin.
– Instructions for use: it is important to respect the recommended dosage, particularly in children, and to choose an antihistamine adapted to the age of the patient.
2. Paracetamol against fever and pain:
– Role: Paracetamol is effective in reducing fever and relieving mild pain.
– Administration: Available in the form of tablets, liquids, or suppositories, it must be used according to the dosage instructions, particularly in children.
3. Skincare:
– Calaminar lotions: help soothe irritated skin and reduce itching. Apply delicately to the lesions without rubbing.
– Oatmeal baths: Warm baths with colloidal oatmeal can soothe irritated skin. Avoid hot baths, which can make the itching worse.
– Hygiene: maintain delicate hygiene by avoiding irritating soaps or bubble baths.
4. Hydration:
– Important: Dehydration may occur, especially if chickenpox is accompanied by fever.
– Tip: Encourage regular consumption of fluids, such as water, soups, or diluted juices.
– Special attention: Young children and infants should be closely monitored to ensure they receive sufficient fluids.
VI. Possible complications:
Although rare, chickenpox can cause complications, particularly in adults, infants, and immunocompromised people. These complications may include secondary bacterial skin infections, pneumonia, or encephalitis.
Conclusion:
Chickenpox is a common occurrence in childhood, but its management requires attention and care. Vaccination is a fundamental prevention tool. In the event of complications or serious symptoms, medical consultation is recommended.
